Industrial Infrared Temperature Measurement

Industrial infrared temperature measurement has revolutionized how professionals monitor heat in countless processes, from heavy manufacturing to delicate laboratory work. Optris, a global leader in this field, develops infrared thermometers, pyrometers, and thermal imaging cameras that quickly capture accurate temperature data from a safe distance. These instruments rely on the principle that every object above absolute zero emits infrared radiation. The amount and spectrum of this radiation change with temperature, allowing IR sensors to convert the captured energy into precise temperature readings.

Engineers often use the concept of blackbody radiation to explain infrared temperature measurements. Objects at different temperatures emit characteristic infrared wavelengths, and specialized detectors translate those wavelengths into voltage signals. Optris calibrates its devices using reference temperatures to ensure high accuracy and repeatability. Their IR thermometers and pyrometers focus on a specific spot and measure the IR emission from that region. At the same time, their infrared cameras gather information from a wider field of view to generate complete thermal images.

Many industries value these non-contact measurement tools because they deliver almost instantaneous feedback. Manufacturers of glass, metals, and plastics rely on Optris sensors to monitor extreme temperatures in continuous production lines. The glass industry often measures the surface temperature of molten glass and cooled products to detect anomalies and maintain product uniformity. Metal processors benefit from real-time heat monitoring during forging or heat treatment, improving product quality and conserving energy. Plastic molding requires close observation of part and mold temperatures to prevent warping and to ensure a consistent finish.

Optris cameras also help technicians spot thermal irregularities in high-density electrical systems. Overheating circuit boards or power modules are bright hotspots in a thermal image, and operators can intervene immediately to avoid failures. In 3D printing, engineers watch the temperature distribution on layers of molten material to refine the printing process and create more substantial final parts. Optris sensors also appear in fire safety applications, where early detection of elevated temperatures in waste disposal sites or bulk storage areas gives operators a head start in preventing catastrophic fires.

Infrared technology is valuable because it measures temperature without disturbing the target material. Operators minimize downtime by diagnosing issues or optimizing processes without shutting down equipment. The versatility and reliability of Optris devices reflect years of dedication to thermal measurement research and development. Industrial customers trust these products to help them reduce costs, enhance quality, and maintain safer work environments. By capturing infrared radiation from any target and converting it into accurate temperature data, Optris drives process optimization for some of the world’s most demanding applications.

AP Corp.
(508) 351-6200
https://a-pcorp.com

Optris Strengthens Customer Support Through Key New England Alliance with Andruss Peskin

Optris Infrared Sensing, LLC and Andruss Peskin Corporation (AP Corp.) have partnered to enhance Optris's presence in New England. The collaboration combines Optris's advanced infrared measurement technology with AP Corp.'s established regional sales and support network.

The partnership addresses the growing demand for infrared sensors across New England's manufacturing, research, and process automation sectors. Optris provides cutting-edge infrared measurement devices that deliver precise temperature data. At the same time, AP Corp. brings deep experience in technology sales and strong relationships with local industries, from automotive and medical device manufacturers to food processing facilities.

AP Corp.'s local offices enable quick response times for product demonstrations, hands-on training, and emergency service. Their team offers practical guidance on installing, operating, and maintaining Optris products, providing customers with a single point of contact from initial inquiry through system implementation.

This strategic alliance reflects companies' commitment to customer service and technical excellence. New England businesses now have direct access to Optris's innovative infrared solutions, supported by AP Corp.'s regional expertise and industry connections. Organizations interested in optimizing their thermal imaging and temperature measurement capabilities can contact Optris Infrared Sensing, LLC, or AP Corp. for more information.

AP Corp.
(508) 351-6200
https://a-pcorp.com

New Partnership with Andruss Peskin Corp. - B&K Precision, Industry Leader in Test and Measurement Instruments

B&K Precision, headquartered in Yorba Linda, California, has been a trusted provider of test and measurement instruments for over 70 years. The company designs reliable, accurate, easy-to-use products for engineers, technicians, and educational institutions. Their extensive product portfolio includes oscilloscopes, signal generators, power supplies, spectrum analyzers, multimeters, and electronic loads, all used across various industries, including electronics manufacturing, telecommunications, and automotive sectors.

B&K Precision’s reputation is built on a commitment to quality, innovation, and customer satisfaction. Its products are widely recognized for their precision and durability and are often used in R&D labs, production environments, and service centers around the world. The company also provides exceptional technical support and calibration services, ensuring its equipment remains reliable over time.

B&K Precision has announced that Andruss Peskin Corp. of Nashua, New Hampshire, will now represent their product line in New England. Andruss Peskin Corp., known for its deep knowledge of the test and measurement field, will be critical in expanding B&K Precision’s presence in the region. 

This partnership brings together two companies with a strong focus on customer service and technical expertise. Through Andruss Peskin’s representation, customers in New England will have easier access to B&K Precision’s high-quality instruments, which are backed by local support and personalized service. This move will enhance customer engagement and offer greater convenience for businesses and professionals seeking top-tier test and measurement solutions.

AP Corp.
(508) 351-6200
https://a-pcorp.com

Latest News and Information from Ambrell Induction Heating Solutions

The New Ambrell EKOHEAT 2

Ambrell has engineered their new EKOHEAT 2 product line to better solve process heating challenges through an innovative, industry-leading internal control and power delivery system. Building upon the evolution of their exclusive VPA Technology™, these enhancements boost process accuracy, reduce system cooling requirements, and support work with a new control panel, diagnostics, and guides.

More info here.

Check Out the Video: Why Induction Is A Green Technology

Induction heating neither consumes fossil fuels nor produces hazardous emissions or carbon dioxide (CO2). This video explains why induction heating qualifies as a green technology.

Watch the video here.

10 Advantages of Induction Heating

In the ever-changing world of manufacturing, efficiency, precision, and sustainability remain critical. As a result, induction heating continues to gain popularity throughout industry. But what exactly makes this technology so advantageous? The following article explores the top 10 reasons induction heating could benefit manufacturing processes.

Read the blog article here.

An Application Note About Shrink Fitting

This application aims to shrink fit (press fit) a steel sleeve. As a diversified equipment manufacturer, the client wants to replace an oven with induction heating. They cite reduced heating time and saved floor space as their primary reasons for making the switch.

Read the application note here.

An Application Note About Wire Coating Removal

A client, who had been using resistance heating for a copper wire coating removal application, wanted to explore whether induction could deliver faster and more consistent results. To investigate this possibility, the client sent wire samples with a polyamide coating to THE LAB at Ambrell, taking advantage of their complimentary applications testing service.

Read the application note here.

Upcoming PRO Skills Webinars

Ambrell invites visitors to explore their PRO Skills Webinar page to discover upcoming webinars. Furthermore, they offer on-demand sessions upon request at any time, including recent webinars conducted in Spanish and Italian.

View the upcoming Webinars here.

AP Corp.
(508) 351-6200
https://a-pcorp.com

Industrial Flow Meters: An Overview

In various industrial applications, accurate flow measurement is crucial for process control, efficiency, and safety. This article briefly describes eleven common types of industrial flow meters.

1. Coriolis Flow Meters: These meters measure mass flow directly by analyzing the twisting motion of a vibrating tube caused by the Coriolis effect. They are highly accurate and can measure multiple properties such as density and temperature.

2. Magnetic Flow Meters: Also known as mag meters, these devices use Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction to measure the flow of conductive fluids. They are non-intrusive, have no moving parts, and provide high accuracy.

3. Mass Flow Meters: These meters directly measure the mass flow rate of gases or liquids. They use various technologies, such as thermal, Coriolis, or differential pressure, to determine the mass flow.

4. Ultrasonic Flow Meters: Using sound waves, these meters measure the velocity of a fluid by analyzing the time difference between ultrasonic pulses sent upstream and downstream. They are non-intrusive and suitable for clean liquids.

5. Open Channel Flow Meters: Designed for measuring flow in open channels, these meters use various methods like weirs, flumes, or ultrasonic level sensors to determine the flow rate based on the liquid level.

6. Positive Displacement Flow Meters: These meters measure flow by counting the number of times a known volume of fluid is displaced. They are highly accurate and suitable for viscous liquids and low flow rates.

7. Turbine Flow Meters: Consisting of a rotor that spins proportionally to the fluid velocity, turbine meters measure the flow rate by counting the rotations. They are compact and suitable for clean, low-viscosity fluids.

8. Variable Area Flow Meters: Also known as rotameters, these meters have a float that rises in a tapered tube proportionally to the flow rate. They are simple, cost-effective, and provide a visual indication of the flow.

9. Vortex Flow Meters: These meters rely on the von Karman effect, measuring the frequency of vortices shed by an obstruction in the flow. They are suitable for clean liquids, gases, and steam.

10. Differential Pressure Flow Meters: By measuring the pressure drop across a constriction in the flow, such as an orifice plate or Venturi tube, these meters determine the flow rate using Bernoulli's principle.

11. Thermal Flow Meters: These meters measure the mass flow of gases by analyzing the heat transfer between a heated sensor and the flowing gas. They are particularly suitable for low flow rates and high-purity gases.

Each type of flow meter has its advantages and limitations, making it essential to consider factors such as fluid properties, accuracy requirements, installation constraints, and cost when selecting the most appropriate meter for a specific application.

AP Corp.
(508) 351-6200
https://a-pcorp.com

The Multifaceted Role of Industrial Sales Engineers

The role of an industrial sales engineer is pivotal in the modern industrial landscape, especially in the context of instrumentation used for measuring various parameters like weight, force, sound, color, pressure, size, and temperature. These professionals share their knowledge, expertise, and service and significantly contribute to the application, sales, and support of such instrumentation.

The Multifaceted Role of Industrial Sales Engineers

• Technical Expertise: Industrial sales engineers uniquely blend technical knowledge and sales acumen. Their deep understanding of engineering principles allows them to understand complex instrumentation and its applications in various industrial settings.
• Custom Solutions: Crucial in tailoring solutions to meet specific customer needs. For instance, in selecting the correct pressure measurement instrument for a particular industrial process, the sales engineer assesses factors like range, accuracy, and environmental conditions.
• Product Demonstration and Education: These professionals are skilled in demonstrating the functionalities and advantages of instruments. Their ability to educate customers about the nuances of instruments like colorimeters or thermocouples is essential for successful sales.
• Bridging Gaps: Industrial sales engineers act as a bridge between the manufacturing team and clients. They translate technical specifications into understandable terms for customers and client needs into feasible production goals for manufacturers.
• After-Sales Support: Their role extends beyond sales. Providing technical support and troubleshooting post-purchase ensures customer satisfaction and fosters long-term relationships.

Their Impact on Industries

• Quality Control: In industries where parameters like size, color, and weight are critical (e.g., pharmaceuticals, automotive), sales engineers assist in assuring the correct instruments are applied.
• Safety and Compliance: In sectors like oil and gas, accurate pressure and temperature measurements are vital for safety and regulatory compliance. Sales engineers ensure that the instruments sold meet the required standards.
• Innovation and Development: Their feedback from the field helps in innovating new instruments and improving existing ones, aligning with evolving industry requirements.
• Operational Efficiency: By recommending the most suitable instruments, they help industries optimize processes, enhancing efficiency and reducing costs.

Challenges and Opportunities

The role of an industrial sales engineer is not without its challenges. They must constantly update their knowledge in a rapidly evolving technological landscape. However, this also presents opportunities for continuous learning and professional growth.

Industrial sales engineers are crucial in instrumentation for measurement. Their expertise drives sales and ensures that industries have the right tools to measure and control critical parameters accurately. Their role is a testament to the intersection of technical know-how and customer-centric service, proving indispensable in the industrial world.

AP Corp.
(508) 351-6200
https://a-pcorp.com

High-Speed Color Measurement for Modern Manufacturing

Understanding how high-speed spectrometers measure color on manufacturing assembly lines provides a glimpse into the complex world of precision quality control and modern manufacturing techniques.

A spectrometer measures the amount of light absorbed or transmitted across different wavelengths. Color measurement involves analyzing the spectrum of light reflected off an object to determine its color.

In a typical setup on a manufacturing assembly line, a light source illuminates the product or material whose color we want to measure. This light source must remain consistent in its intensity and spectrum because any variation can influence the accuracy of the color measurement.

When the light hits the object, the object absorbs specific wavelengths of light and reflects others. The reflected light then enters the spectrometer. Inside the spectrometer, the light is dispersed, often with the help of a diffraction grating or a prism. This dispersion breaks the incoming light into its constituent colors or wavelengths, similar to a rainbow when sunlight passes through raindrops.

An array of detectors inside the spectrometer captures this dispersed light. Each detector is sensitive to a specific wavelength or a narrow range of wavelengths. By measuring the intensity of light each detector receives, the spectrometer builds a spectrum – a graphical representation of light intensity versus wavelength.

This spectrum effectively captures the color profile of the object, and a computation derives color values, typically regarding color spaces or systems like the CIELAB or RGB. These values provide a quantitative measure of the object's color compared to a standard or reference value.

In a manufacturing assembly line, the speed of this process is paramount. High-speed spectrometers capture and process data in real-time, allowing them to analyze the colors of objects as they race along the line. Suppose the color of a particular product deviates from the set standard. In that case, the system can instantly flag it for inspection or removal, ensuring that products maintain a consistent color quality throughout the production run.

The integration of high-speed spectrometers into manufacturing lines, coupled with sophisticated software, ensures that color consistency and quality meet the strict standards demanded by today's consumers and regulatory bodies. This method not only optimizes the quality of the final product but also minimizes wastage and enhances efficiency in production processes.

Micro-Epsilon stands as one of the top sensor manufacturers globally. For over 50 years, they have consistently provided reliable and high-performance solutions, especially in situations demanding high precision measurement or inspection. Their product line includes sensors for distance and displacement measurement, IR temperature measurement, and color detection, along with systems for dimensional measurement and defect detection.

The Micro-Epsilon colorCONTROL ACS7000, color measurement system, recognizes reference colors through direct comparison and distinctly identifies individual colors based on their coordinates in the color space. Equipped with a high-speed spectrometer, the colorCONTROL ACS7000 excels in applications that require online examination of colors and shades with utmost precision.

AP Corp.
(508) 351-6200
https://a-pcorp.com

From Spot Checks to Cumulative Assessments: Understanding Noise Measurement Tools for OSHA 1910.95

The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) is an agency of the United States Department of Labor, and it is responsible for ensuring that employers provide safe and healthful working conditions for employees in the U.S. One of the ways OSHA accomplishes its mission is by setting and enforcing standards.

OSHA standard 29 CFR 1910.95 relates explicitly to occupational noise exposure. This standard protects workers from excessive noise levels that can lead to hearing loss or other health problems.

Sound level indicators (often called sound level meters or SLMs) and dosimeters are two primary instruments used to measure occupational noise levels. Both devices help employers assess noise exposure and ensure compliance with OSHA's 1910.95 standard on occupational noise exposure. 

1. Sound Level Indicators (Sound Level Meters - SLMs):

• Function: An SLM measures sound pressure levels in the workplace. It provides instant readings of noise levels at a specific location and time.
• Usage:
• SLMs spot-checks or short-term measurements in specific areas or at particular workstations where noise levels might be a concern.
• They can identify areas in the workplace where further noise monitoring or controls may be necessary.
• When using an SLM, it's crucial to consider the weighting scale (typically "A" weighting for human hearing) and the response time (slow or fast).
• Data Collection: SLMs provide a snapshot of the noise level during measurement. They don't offer cumulative exposure data over time. Therefore, while SLMs can determine if a particular location is loud, they don't indicate the length of exposure to that noise level.

1. Dosimeters:

• Function: Dosimeters are wearable devices that measure a worker's cumulative noise exposure over time. They provide a personal noise dose reading based on the intensity and duration of sounds for individual exposure.
• Usage:
• Dosimeters are typically clipped to a worker's clothing and worn throughout the workday. The microphone is usually positioned near the worker's ear to assess the noise exposure accurately.
• They benefit workers who move between different areas or tasks, resulting in varying noise exposures.
• Data Collection: Dosimeters continuously measure and record noise levels, providing a time-weighted average (TWA) over the period worn. This data is crucial in determining worker-level exposure exceeding permissible exposure limits (PEL) set by OSHA or other regulatory bodies.

Compliance with OSHA 1910.95:

• Employers typically start with sound level meters to identify areas or tasks with potentially hazardous noise levels.
• Employers will use dosimeters to monitor individual exposures over the work shift if areas show elevated noise or workers' tasks involve moving between varying noise environments.
• Suppose the noise levels exceed the action level (typically 85 dBA TWA over 8 hours). In that case, the employer must implement a hearing conservation program, which includes further monitoring, audiometric testing, training, and provision of hearing protection.

In summary, while sound level meters provide immediate spot readings of noise levels, dosimeters assess an individual's cumulative exposure over time. Both tools are essential for comprehensively evaluating workplace noise and ensuring compliance with occupational noise standards.

AP Corp.
(508) 351-6200
https://a-pcorp.com

Optimizing PCB Testing with the Latest 3-Element Stacked Rosette Strain Gauge Technology

As the demand for thinner, smaller, and more densely populated PCBs increases, Micro-Measurements' new G1350A perfectly fits the bill for evaluating PCBs' stress. Thanks to the flex circuit and pre-attached lead wires, it features a compact design and significantly simplifies the installation process.

A stacked rosette strain gauge is a particular strain gauge designed to measure the typical strains along different directions at a single point. A regular strain gauge measures the deformation or strain of a material in one direction. In contrast, a rosette strain gauge, composed of multiple strain gauges, can measure strain in multiple directions. A stacked rosette strain gauge consists of several individual strain gauges stacked on each other, each oriented in a different direction to measure the strains in various directions at a single point. The stacked rosette configuration allows for a more compact design compared to a planar rosette, where the gauges are arranged next to each other.

Usage on Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs):

• Quality Control: During the manufacturing of PCBs, there may be internal stresses generated due to various processes such as lamination, soldering, etc. These stresses may lead to the PCB's warping, bending, or even cracking. Stacked rosette strain gauges can measure these internal strains at critical points on the PCB to ensure they are within the permissible limits.
• Design Validation: During the design phase of PCBs, engineers use finite element analysis to model and predict the strains and stresses that the PCB will be subjected to during its operation. By attaching stacked rosette strain gauges to the prototype PCBs and subjecting them to real-world operating conditions, engineers can measure the actual strains experienced by the PCB and compare them with the predicted values from the model, helping in validating the design and making any necessary modifications before mass production.
• Failure Analysis: When a PCB fails during operation, it is essential to understand the cause of the failure to make necessary design modifications and prevent similar failures in the future. Stacked rosette strain gauges can be attached to the PCB at locations suspected of experiencing high stresses or strains. By subjecting the PCB to the operating conditions that led to the failure, engineers can measure the strains at these critical points and determine if they were the cause of the failure.
• Thermal Expansion Measurement: PCBs often have components that generate heat during operation, which can cause thermal expansion of the material. This thermal expansion can lead to mechanical stresses and strains on the PCB and its components. Stacked rosette strain gauges can measure these strains accurately and help design PCBs that can withstand these thermal expansions without failure.

Micro-Measurements' G1350A Features:

• Round shaped to facilitate spot installation.
• Minimal form factor of 5.1mm diameter.
• Readily available resistance values: 120 ohm (C4A) + 350 ohm (C4K).
• Flex circuit connection for the most flexible and comfortable gage installation (50mm and 300mm).
• Pre-attached lead wires: 1m or 3m length, 2 or 3 wire configuration.
• Highly compatible with StrainSmart® software for PCB testing application features.

AP Corp.

(508) 351-6200

https://a-pcorp.com

4Sight2 from Druck - Easy-to-Use, Cost Effective and Scalable Calibration Management

Instrument calibration stands as a critical activity in process control industries. It ensures that the tools and devices used to monitor, measure, and control various processes deliver accurate and reliable results. The value of this activity, foundational to production quality, safety, and efficiency, is irreplaceable.

When we speak about guaranteeing quality, instrument calibration takes center stage. Industries like chemical, pharmaceutical, food and beverage, and oil and gas depend heavily on precise measurements to produce consistent, high-quality products. A pharmaceutical company, for instance, cannot afford slight deviations from specified parameters as they could lead to non-compliance with standards or the production of ineffective drugs. Regular calibration of instruments, therefore, forms an essential part of quality control.

Instrument calibration also plays a significant role in maintaining safety, becoming extremely critical when industries work with hazardous substances or high-risk processes. For example, a chemical plant's incorrectly calibrated pressure sensor could lead to over-pressurization and dangerous incidents. In this case, regular calibration can reduce the risk of equipment failure and the associated hazards, thus providing a safer environment for the facility and its workers.

Furthermore, the calibration of instruments can enhance operational efficiency. Instruments delivering accurate readings minimize the likelihood of process anomalies, downtime, and product waste, contributing to the efficiency of operations. By detecting and correcting inaccuracies early on, industries can avert expensive repairs or replacements and potential penalties from regulatory bodies for non-compliance.

4Sight2 from Druck, a Baker Hughes business, offers easy-to-use, cost effective and scalable calibration management  that is equally effective for single use or global multi-site operations. This configurable software is designed to Empower Your Organization to Operate Simply and Securely, connecting your people to instruments, data and enhanced analytics.

With purchase of a new Druck Freemium documenting calibrator you are entitled to a free 4Sight2 Lite license. This hardware + software solution automates your calibration process at no extra cost. Using your free 4Sight2 license with your portable calibrator can achieve:

• Error proof & time saving calibration management
• Up to 40% cost savings
• Asset management tools
• Calibration certificates, compliant and audit-ready data
• Fully paperless and traceable
• Truly global in multiple languages

For more information about Druck products in New England, contact AP Corp.
https://a-pcorp.com
(508) 351-6200

Load Cells: The Vital Component in Precision Weighing

A load cell is a transducer or a sensor that converts force into an electrical signal. In industrial weighing applications, it's a critical and core component used to measure weight or force.

The most commonly used types of load cells in industrial applications are strain gauge load cells, which work on the principle of piezoresistance. When a load or force is applied to the strain gauge, it deforms or changes shape. This change in shape causes a measurable change in the electrical resistance. The change in resistance is proportional to the load applied, meaning the more significant the load, the larger the change in resistance.

This change in resistance is usually minimal, so it's converted into an electrical signal using a Wheatstone bridge configuration. The signal is then amplified and converted into a digital form by an analog-to-digital converter. This digital signal can be interpreted and displayed on a readout device, such as a digital display or a computer.

In industrial weighing applications, load cells are ubiquitous, with applications including weighing scales, industrial scales, batching scales, and load-testing machines. They can measure loads ranging from tiny (a few grams) to large (hundreds of tons).

Load cells are robust and reliable, capable of withstanding harsh industrial environments. They can handle extreme temperatures, high levels of vibration, and other challenging conditions. Additionally, they offer high precision and accuracy, which are critical in many industrial applications.

In addition to their use in weighing, load cells measure tension, compression, and shear forces, making them versatile tools in many industrial processes. They play a significant role in quality, inventory, and process control in various industries, including manufacturing, agriculture, food processing, pulp & paper, power generation, transportation, and construction.

BLH Nobel is a leading weighing and force measurement solution provider, including load cells, weighing modules, and process control equipment. The company is renowned for delivering precision, reliability, and durability, particularly in harsh industrial environments.

KIS Weigh Modules, adeptly deployed on dynamic process vessels amidst harsh, sanitation-intensive areas, have mastered the art of thriving amidst grime and grit. Their performance remains uncompromised and exceptional, even in the most challenging conditions riddled with corrosive acids, potent industrial cleaning agents, acidic vapors, and abrasive granulated powders.

Part of the remarkable performance of the BLH Nobel KIS is its ingenious cylindrical design. KIS beams can be maneuvered within the module's infrastructure, aligning precisely with the direction of the applied weight. The modules feature cylindrical, electro-polished stainless steel, forming an almost friction-free surface, allowing the module yoke to glide effortlessly during thermal expansion and contraction periods.

 

https://a-pcorp.com

(508) 351-6200

Stress Analysis With the Use of Strain Gages

When external loads are applied, stress analysis assesses the internal forces and stresses acting on a material or structure. Strain gages, widely used in this process, measure the deformation (or strain) that occurs when a material experiences stress. The following provides a detailed explanation of how to accomplish stress analysis using strain gages:

1. Selecting strain gages: The first step involves choosing an appropriate strain gage for the specific application. Consider factors such as the type of strain (e.g., tensile, compressive, shear), the expected magnitude and direction of strain, temperature range, and material properties of the test specimen.
2. Preparing the surface: Before attaching the strain gauge, clean and thoroughly prepare the test specimen's surface, using solvents, abrasives, or other cleaning methods to remove contaminants, ensuring proper strain gage adhesion to the surface.
3. Installing strain gages: Bond the strain gage to the test specimen using a specialized adhesive. Align the gage carefully toward the expected stress, accurately positioning the gage grid (which contains the sensing elements) over the area of interest. Once the adhesive cures, the strain gage installation is complete.
4. Wiring and instrumentation: Connect the strain gage to a data acquisition system using lead wires. This system usually includes a signal conditioner, which amplifies the small electrical output from the strain gage, and an analog-to-digital converter, converting the analog signal into digital data for further analysis.
5. Calibrating: Calibrate the strain gage and data acquisition system before starting the stress analysis. Apply known loads or strains to the test specimen and record the corresponding output from the strain gage. Create a calibration curve relating the measured strain to the electrical output of the gage.
6. Applying loads and collecting data: With the strain gage installed and calibrated, subject the test specimen to the desired external loads. As the sample deforms under load, the strain gage also deforms, causing a change in its electrical resistance. This change in resistance is proportional to the strain experienced by the material and can be measured and recorded by the data acquisition system.
7. Analyzing data: Analyze the collected data to determine the stress experienced by the material. Typically, this involves comparing the measured strain to the material's known stress-strain relationship (e.g., elastic modulus). Depending on the complexity of the loading conditions, finite element analysis (FEA) or other computational methods may be employed to simulate the stress distribution within the specimen.
8. Interpreting and concluding: Use the stress analysis results to evaluate the material's performance and assess the design's suitability for the intended application, including identifying potential failure points, assessing fatigue life, or optimizing the design to reduce stress concentrations.

In summary, stress analysis using strain gages requires selecting, installing, calibrating, applying external loads, collecting data, and analyzing the stress-strain data to understand the material's response to the applied loads.

https://a-pcorp.com

(508) 351-6200

The Role of Feed Screws in The Plastics Melt Stream Process

Feed screws, also known as extruder screws, play a crucial role in the melt stream process of the plastics industry. The melt stream process transforms raw plastic materials into a continuous, homogenized, and viscous molten mass, which can be further shaped and processed into various products like films, sheets, pipes, profiles, and more. The feed screw is an essential component of the extruder machine, the primary equipment used in the melt stream process.

The role of the feed screw in the melt stream process is explained in detail by understanding its different sections and their functions:

1. Solid conveying (feed) zone: The feed screw consists of a helical channel or flights with a rotating shaft that runs along its length. The screw begins with a hopper where raw plastic material, usually pellets or granules, is loaded. The rotation of the screw transports the raw material forward, creating a solid conveying zone. The screw geometry in this zone efficiently moves the plastic material toward the subsequent zones.
2. Compression (transition) zone: The depth of the screw channel decreases gradually in this zone, causing the plastic material to compress. This compression generates heat through friction, which melts the plastic along with external heating elements. At the same time, the screw design ensures proper mixing and homogenization of the plastic materials.
3. Melting (metering) zone: This zone is characterized by a constant channel depth, where the plastic material becomes fully molten. The screw's geometry creates a uniform and consistent melt flow while providing sufficient back pressure to ensure the homogenization of the molten plastic. Additional mixing elements may be incorporated into the screw design to enhance mixing and homogenization further.
4. Discharge (melt) zone: In this final zone, the screw conveys the molten plastic towards the extruder die, designed to shape the material into the desired product form. A screen pack and breaker plate are typically placed before the die to filter out contaminants and ensure a uniform melt flow.

Feed screws play a vital role in the overall efficiency and quality of the melt stream process. The design of the screw and its various geometries can significantly affect the processing conditions, output rate, and final product quality. Different types of feed screws are available, tailored to the specific requirements of the plastic materials and end products, such as single-screw, twin-screw, and multi-screw extruders. These screws may also be classified based on their compression ratio, screw profile, and mixing elements.

For more information about feed screws, contact AP Corp.

https://a-pcorp.com

(508) 351-6200

Micro-Epsilon Introduces scanCONTROL AIK Adapter for Cognex® VisionPro® 2D/3D Analysis Software

Cognex® VisionPro® 2D/3D analysis software is a powerful computer vision software developed by Cognex® Corporation and specifically designed for use in manufacturing and industrial automation applications. This software combines 2D and 3D vision technologies to analyze objects, parts, and components comprehensively.

The software utilizes sophisticated algorithms to analyze images and detect defects or anomalies in manufactured goods. It can accurately measure product dimensions, angles, and shapes and detect even minor defects, such as scratches, cracks, and other imperfections. The software can also compare components and ensure they meet specific quality standards.

Micro-Epsilon released their scanCONTROL AIK adapter for VisionPro® in response to Integrator requests for compatibility with better-performing and lower-cost sensors. Now Integrators can switch directly to scanCONTROL sensors without problems! 

The Micro-Epsilon scanCONTROL AIK adapter for Cognex® VisionPro® (a small software tool) is available for download for free from Micro-Epsilon's download area. The AIK adapter is developed closely with Cognex® and supports all current scanCONTROL models (LLT25xx, 29xx, 30x2, 30x0).

For more information in New England, contact AP Corp. Call (508) 351-6200 or visit https://a-pcorp.com.

Induction Heating Systems and Solutions for Industry

Induction heating works based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, which is a phenomenon discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831. The basic idea behind electromagnetic induction is that when you place a conductor in a changing magnetic field, you create an electromotive force (EMF), which induces an electric current. This current, in turn, generates heat due to resistance. 

Passing a high-frequency alternating current through an induction coil creates a changing magnetic field around the coil. When a conductive material, such as metal, is placed inside the magnetic field, the material produces eddy currents due to the changing magnetic field. These eddy currents generate heat based upon the material's electrical resistance. The frequency of the alternating current is a crucial factor in induction heating. The higher the frequency, the deeper the heat is generated in the material and the faster the heating process. Typically, frequencies in the range of 100-500kHz apply to induction heating. The heating process is controlled by adjusting the strength and frequency of the magnetic field and by controlling the position of the induction coil relative to the heated material. Controlling these parameters makes it possible to heat the material precisely and uniformly without heating the surrounding area.

To summarize, induction heating generates eddy currents in a conductive material through electromagnetic induction, which produces heat due to the material's resistance. Precise heating is a function of adjusting the magnetic field's strength, frequency, and position.

Industrial induction heating systems are used for various purposes in manufacturing, like surface hardening, brazing, welding, melting, and forging, among others.

Examples of industries that use induction heating in their processes are:

• Automotive industry - for engine parts' surface hardening and brazing fuel lines.
• Aerospace industry - for welding titanium components, heat treating blades and vanes, and brazing aluminum components.
• Metal fabrication industry - for forging, hardening, and welding of steel parts.
• Jewelry industry - for melting gold and silver alloys to make jewelry.
• Energy industry - for heating tubes and pipes in heat exchangers and boilers.
• Medical industry - for sterilizing medical instruments and welding stainless steel components.
• Electronic industry - for soldering and brazing of electronic components and assemblies.

Industrial induction heating systems are versatile and efficient heat sources with various applications across various industries. They provide fast, controlled, and uniform heating without requiring direct contact with the heated material, making them an attractive option for many applications.

Ambrell manufactures induction heating solutions for almost any application. Systems are available from 1 kW to 500 kW with various frequency options. Ambrell also offers an array of work head choices and optional accessories such as water cooling systems, induction heating software, and flexible induction coils.

For more information about Ambrell products in New England, contact AP Corp.

https://a-pcorp.com

(508) 351-6200

The Importance of Portable Pressure Calibrators for Industrial Instrumentation Technicians

Portable pressure calibrators are important for industrial instrumentation technicians because they allow them to accurately and efficiently calibrate pressure measuring devices, such as pressure gauges, transmitters, and switches, in the field. This is especially important in industries where process control and safety are critical, such as oil and gas, chemical processing, and power generation.

Accurate pressure measurement is essential for maintaining process control and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment. Portable pressure calibrators allow technicians to calibrate pressure measuring devices on site, ensuring that they are properly calibrated and able to accurately measure pressure. This helps to ensure that the process is operating within the desired range and reduces the risk of equipment failure or process upsets.

In addition, portable pressure calibrators are often used in field service and maintenance applications, where it is not practical to bring the pressure measuring device back to a calibration laboratory. By using a portable calibrator, technicians can quickly and easily calibrate the device on site, reducing downtime and improving efficiency.

Overall, portable pressure calibrators are an essential tool for industrial instrumentation technicians, as they allow them to accurately calibrate pressure measuring devices and ensure the safety and reliability of process control systems.

For more information about Druck products in New England, contact AP Corp.

https://a-pcorp.com

(508) 351-6200